This is the guy who creeps around the perimeter of your yard, always wondering what brand of mower you're using to get your grass trimmed so neatly.
It's also the notion that profit margins tend to creep downward. That is, companies pioneer a product and have the world begging for more (think: early iPhones). There's no competition at that point, and as the company that's pioneering it is the first to reach scale economies, it has nice fat margins to fund future growth and development.
But then competition comes in and prices have to be ratcheted down a bit to compete. So everything suffers downward margin, and profit margins creep downward.
The same notion applies to overhead. Like, how many beautiful statues do you see in the lobbies of Silicon Valley startups? Yeah, between zero and none. But go to a well-heeled old company like IBM or GE or Bank of America, and wow, those corporate offices are gorgeous. You can bet that the founders of those companies were way more sensitive to profit margins than are the big fat corporate leaders of today...so their operating margins again suffer downward pressure.
And yes, margins can creep in the other direction. Think: Microsoft Windows back in the day. The company had something like 90% gross and 45% operating margins, margins which crept upward from half those numbers a decade earlier.
Related or Semi-related Video
Econ: What is the Real Balance Effect?0 Views
And finance Allah shmoop What is the rial balance effect
Riding a unit cycle on a tightrope walking home from
a raucous New Year's Eve party Examples of one kind
of real balance of that Yeah well another kind relates
to economic decisions Well the real battle Its effect has
to do with the purchasing power of money It posits
that a change in price levels alters how much stuff
you can buy that is assuming your income remains the
same while you make four grand a month Take out
taxes and rent and utilities and insurance and all the
other basic stuff that eats away at your disposable income
Now you have fifteen hundred dollars left in cash to
you know spend on stuff each month but you still
have to eat You know because of a rare gastro
intestinal disorder you have to eat special snails with every
meal There's a certain enzyme that your body can't produce
That only comes from this particular natural snail meat Yes
eat them or die So snail smoothies for breakfast Snail
sandwiches for lunch Snail ala King for dinner and for
a late night snack Deep fried snail poppers Well the
snails you need are usually eight bucks a pound In
a typical month you spend about four hundred dollars on
them which leaves you eleven hundred dollars out of your
budget for you know stuff money Teo You know go
to the movies or buy video games or purchase gold
grills for your teeth Like Ryan locked Yeah whatever else
you need but this month you get bad news There's
been an outbreak of rare snail Ebola that has ravaged
the population of the special snails You need thio survive
Well the number of snails available has plummeted in response
prices double right Demand is the same and supply is
down so prices go up What used to cost eight
bucks a pound now cost sixteen bucks a pound And
instead of four hundred dollars well this month your snail
fix will cost you eight hundred It cuts into your
other spending You usedto have eleven hundred dollars for everything
else Now you've got just seven hundred You'll have to
cut back on your non snail expenditures Yeah Sorry Real
balance effect at work here people Basically if prices go
up and income remains the same consumption expenditures after decline
You just can't buy as much with the money you
have All right well you'll have to economize this month
on ly streaming movies replay old video games brass grills
for the time being for your teeth there At least
until they ramp up those experimental snail farms You know
where Find a cure for snail Ebola Let's just hope 00:02:23.7 --> [endTime] it stays with the snails eh
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