T-Test

Tiger used to pass this one all the time. We pity the fool who thinks this is a test made by Mr. T. A t-test is a kind of hypothesis test we conduct when the standard deviation of the population is unknown.

This is basically every situation we’d ever run into in any kind of hypothesis test situation (except when we’re testing a claim about a population proportion), honestly, because we almost never know the population standard deviation. It uses the t-distribution, instead of the standard Normal distribution, and the number of degrees of freedom to calculate the p-value. The p-value, like in all hypothesis tests, is a probability of how likely it is to get the sample result we got if the population value is what common knowledge asserts it is.