Metabolism Is Just One Big ReductionAll organisms need energy to live. Humans like to sit down to three square meals a day (even if they are on round plates), but other living things have drastical...

The first step when going to an old-school arcade is breaking down your dollar bills into tokens (yeah, that old shtick again). Something similar can be said for cellular respiration, where the glu...

Following glycolysis, the next process in cellular respiration takes place in a mitochondrion (that's the singular form of "mitochondria," the cell's powerhouse organelles). Let's quickly review wh...

At the arcade, after you exchange your dollar bill for tokens, you set your sights on a game. In a cell, if oxygen is present, the pyruvate from glycolysis heads over to a mitochondrion for the cit...

We're back at the arcade and still in the mitochondrion. We just can't get enough. This is our bonus game but also the most important round, because now we will convert our tokens from the citric a...

Suppose a cell doesn't have oxygen available. Maybe the cell happens to be on the moon, or maybe the cell's owner is sprinting away from a lion and using up all the oxygen at the moment. Rule #1 of...

GlycolysisIt can be confusing to keep track of what is being oxidized and what is being reduced. Using the phrase "LEO the lion says GER" can help us remember which is which. Looking at the charge...

Glycolysis Questions1. Early in glycolysis, a glucose molecule is split into which of the following?(A) Two pyruvate molecules(B) Four ATP(C) Two NADH(D) Two three-carbon sugar molecules(E) Water a...

Offline ResourcesMitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, but what are they other than that? Everything. At least that is what the author of this book argues: Power, Sex, Suicide: Mitochondria...